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What's in a watt

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In Conversation with........Richard Bates from Auralic

Richard Bates works for Auralic. A relative newcomer to the World of streaming, based in Oregon USA with manufacturing in Bejing, Auralic have very quickly carved a niche for themselves with superbly built, well designed and fantastic sounding products. Founded in 2009, they develop innovative audiophile-grade components, including streamers and DACs.

Hello Richard, I'm pretty sure you've been in the Hi-Fi industry as long as Moorgate. Tell us where you started and a little about your career.

I started an apprenticeship in electronics late 70's learning how to repair audio equipment and then slipped in to 'Hifi' retail in the eightiesfor five years, which was great fun as youngster. I then progressed in to professional sound and lighting specification mid-eighties designing club sound & lighting systems and then joined Celestion Loudspeakers out on the road for three years (that's when I first met you and your dad, Paul).

Yes I have vivid memories of you from the Celestion and Meridian days.

I joined Meridian Audio in 1990 and started a nineteen year stint just at the time when separate DAC's came to market and Meridian introduced the worlds first DSP digital loudspeaker systems. That was a hard concept to introduce nearly thirty years ago and is just now becoming a bit more common. Meridian were somewhat ahead of their time, to say the least. Looking back, it was definitely a case of being in the right place at the right time within a forward looking organisation producing really cool stuff. I've enormous respect for Bob Stuart and the late Allen Boothroyd. Big changes came when the company sought involvement and external investment from a luxury goods consortium - a new track in a different direction coinciding with the financial crash in 2008 resulted in my position being made redundant. I spent some time back in retail sales and marketing and was then approached by Auralic in 2015 who were looking for someone to build the brand in the UK and Europe.

I DJ'd in clubs for quite a while and always yearned for 'hifi' sound quality in big spaces. I think I had more fun setting up the gear than actually playing the records! - I can remember in the early eighties running a quite large mobile disco with a pair of SL1200's with Grado cartridges and a couple of original Marantz CD63 CD players, three-way actively crossed over big JBL / RCF loudspeaker system driven by multiple Quad 405.2 power amplifiers, all lugged around in a Transit van. Quite something back in the day and a complete pain to set up and move around, but it seemed worth it. And then everything shrunk and became smaller - eight Bose 802's and bass cabinets driven by a new breed of immensely powerful MosFet power amplifiers. I still DJ very occasionally today, but its so much easier with a MacBook, Traktor and a Nexosystem.

What changes have you seen during your time within the industry? Good and bad.

The biggest changes over four decades? To the good - despite the comings and goings of formats and the naysayers prophesying the death of audio for longer than I care to remember, great quality product at many levels & prices has never been so accessible. Its widely available and there really hasn't been a better time than now to enjoy music in great quality at an affordable price for youngsters and those with a bit of interest in sound beyond what comes out of an Amazon Echo or the TV.

Streaming high quality sound over the internet was the stuff of dreams up until just ten years ago - we shouldn't take any of that for granted. Computer audio justifiably received much criticism in the early days with the ubiquitous rise of the iPod and music derived from noisy PC's and dodgy web sites, all highly compressed. But that's all changed. Let's not forget the rise of internet radio - there are so many fantastic radio stations available globally and if you choose carefully, can be one of the best ways to find new music and the audio quality in many cases is very good . I also think its nice that records have re-emerged as a very engaging and fun way to enjoy an artists work - its good for the audio industry.

To the bad - well, that could be construed as negative in some quarters but a few things spring to mind. Product sold purely on price by internet vendors ultimately isn't good for the consumer. These companies could be selling hifi or bags of sand, it would make any difference to them. Bad buying decisions can be easily made. People interested in good quality audio should, where possible, hear a component, or system for themselves - its very personal. Then there's the rise of the 'expert' Hifi YouTubers who can put out all sorts of inaccurate and disruptive messages - it's like the 'wild west' out there! Retailers purporting to be distributors, when the majority simply buy the brand ( usually from smaller companies) and sell it through their own store. Distributors margins take in to account marketing, purchasing stocks, supporting and distributing products - that's a skilled, time consuming and costly exercise. Retailers operating this way can, and do, make significant profit on products sold to customers and may be some what biased when proffering their advice at the expense of other alternative products they may have in their store, which isn't good for the consumer.

Auralic (to our mind) have come along into a very established market and with little fanfare and managed to become a significant player in no time at all. Many others have tried and failed. It comes as a surprise to us that there are so few good players in the market. What's your take on this and what drew you to the company?

Designing and manufacturing a 'complete' streaming eco-system encompassing control, software and hardware and then deliver it consistently to a global market place is challenging.  We design and manufacture our own hardware, our own 'Lightning' server and our own 'Lightning DS' control app with a real obsession for innovative design, style and the very best possible sound quality. Many other are reliant upon involving external designs for control. I like the fact that our guys are young, forward thinking with progressive ideas. Our brand has quite quickly developed a reputation for producing rock solid products at the forefront of the streaming revolution and we couldn't have wished for better coverage in the press and the commitment of our business partners to what we do - it's very humbling. We compete with the best on a global stage delivering well made products with cutting edge performance. There's a growing adoption of streaming by progressive audiophiles and music lovers alike of high resolution music streaming services such as Qobuz, Amazon Music HD and Tidal - this is now becoming prevalent all over the world where it has become the primary digital listening source.

As to what drew me to Auralic; it was following an introduction from an industry colleague. Auralic were relatively new, well financed and keen establish growing business in the UK - I took a long, hard look at the brand during the summer of 2015 and following meeting up with my then colleague Christian Rechenbach Xuanqian in the Netherlands and then checking out the companies credentials and testing several products in the UK, I signed contracts nine months later at the Munich Show in May 2016. I now oversee the EU, Scandinavian and Australian markets and working with my colleague Brent Hefley in the USA,  take care of our PR, advertising and marketing activities in Europe.

Analogue or digital?

It doesn't really matter as long as its done well. I've always had a very much 'live and let live' attitude to peoples preferences for analogue and digital music carriers and for different formats. During the years I've spent in the business, I've met many very opinionated characters who profess to know what is best for everyone. This seems to me to be rooted in a narrow perspective and personal experiences from the past. I think its really up to the 'informed' customer to decide what they like to use, play with or listen to - some like music, some like gear, some like both, some just like faffing about, some like attention, some are never satisfied, some need to belong to a club and some are mildly bonkers. I don't think anyone can say the end is nigh for a physical format and its highly unlikely that CD, vinyl or recorded quarter inch tape will disappear anytime soon. The natural shift toward music streaming is very encouraging in that it is this medium which ultimately will bring young people in to appreciating music, and some of those will seek good quality sound in their lives at home or on the move. It comes at just the right time with network infrastructures and mobile environments which readily support high quality streams. As I mentioned earlier, the LP record is good too in attracting a young audience - it's good for the attention span as it discourages hopping from one track to the next, and the whole experience playing a record can be alluring, making the process an event and something to spend time with. It can also be a complete faff depending on your mind set and point of view.

So I guess if I had to make a choice then digital is the way forward - its come on in leaps and bounds in recent years as A/D D/A convertors have become truer to source and high quality streaming music providers have come to the fore. Having said that, I still get a nice fuzzy feeling when I hear a familiar recording on an old Revox or a very nice LP on my record player.  I don't think anyone should judge someone who chooses to collect records, tapes, CD's  or streams music. Similarly speakers - panels, horns, passive, active or DSP - which is 'best' ? A person can surely decide based upon what they research or have a yearning for, and most importantly the advice of someone they can trust and are comfortable dealing with - someone like you, Paul!  I guess I do get a little perplexed with folk who vehemently denounce one format or audio component over the other, all too often with limited experience of what music in different environments really sounds like, but i guess we're all different and its impossible to legislate for what happens beyond an individuals ear drum and that inner cerebral experience 🙂


Can you explain to our customers the reason behind Auralic offering an Aries and an Altair product?

'Aries' G series streamers purely have digital outputs so are designed for optimal performance when connected via USB or SPDIF to an external digital to analogue converter. 'Altair' G series models incorporate a digital to analogue converter. Both models offer many features including CD playback and ripping function when a suitable drive is connected, option internal music storage, wired & wireless connectivity and Auralic's native 'Lightning DS' IOS app. The internal music storage option offers the best audio performance, negating the need for off-board or attached network storage.

We also make a separate DAC called 'Vega'. We've developed our own Fusion DAC technology which uses a unique and proprietary combination of our own coding and partial use of an off-the-shelf ESS DAC chip. Our latest Vega G3 model uses a unique combination of FPGA device ( our Proteus platform) in conjunction with an ESS DAC.

We feel the lightning app is a very good one. How important do you see the app in the streaming experience?

Our designs are well thought out and well engineered, but all that means very little without a dedicated control app which is easy to navigate and pleasurable to use. Our customers must have an enjoyable experience in both selecting their music choices and enjoying the music. Lightning server is built into all streamers and its often overlooked just how important server technology is in contributing to the sound of a product.

What electronic brands and loudspeakers stimulate your interest? Are there any favourites that you "go to" at exhibitions?

I have a soft spot for L'Acoustic , ATC, Spendor, Hegel, Rega and T+A electronics. The people behind Innuos are really good people. DCS make some nicely engineered stuff too.

Can you give us a little insight into anything that Auralic might be working on for the future?

We've just launched new G2.2 and G3 Aries and Vega products at High end Munich. The response from press and consumers alike was incredible. A new platform and deployment of some proprietary technologies. 90% of the components in these models are all new.


How do you see the audio industry developing in the coming years?

Technology won't slow down. Streaming music and pictures will be dominant. Records and CD's will still be around. Hifi Shows will still be small and niche, and there will always be people drawn into and fascinated by audio gear.... and some of those might just like music! I don't think many forsee just how big a part AI and quantum computing will play in product development, consumer behaviour and how it will intersect with existing platforms and products, influencing consumers in how they think about music and how it fits into their lives. Truly it is hard to envisage exactly how AI will manifest itself, but for sure, it will play a part in the audio industry which may be quite disruptive for a while. As a consequence, there's good chance high quality audio may become increasingly homogenised - increasingly refined design techniques, differentiated by aesthetic and how loud a manufacturer shouts saying theirs is the best.


I completely agree about AI. I think it will turn things upside down and i am not sure all of it is going to be good for the World.

What equipment do you use at home?

Sonos throughout the house and in the garden for background radio. TV audio via ARC to a Sonos amp driving four B&WCCM682 in-ceiling speakers with a hidden Sonos sub - I like Sonos, it just works, offers reasonably good audio quality and has been instrumental in growing the music streaming business. My stereo system consists of an Aries G2 with Vega G2 DAC via XLR to a Hegel 590 Integrated amplifier and ATC HTS40's with subwoofer. I have a Rega P10 / Apheta 3 with Aria for records and a Nakamichi DR2 cassette deck for the odd 'rose tinted' stroll down memory lane. I've an all-in-one Auralic Polaris with a pair of small B&W686S2 in the office. If I'm travelling its iPhone streaming from Qobuz through my car system and wireless AirPods Pro for personal listening. I've a pair of Senheisser HD650's and Beyer DT150's headphones I use occasionally with an Auralic Taurus headphone amplifier running off the Hegel. I've always loved music, always loved great audio since I was a kid.

That much is evident Richard. Thanks very much for taking part and for sharing your experiences and insights with us.

Stylus in LP record

How a stylus "reads" a vinyl record

We're often asked this and here is the best and the simplest reply. We're focussing here on the mechanics and not what makes one turntable better than another.

^BStylus on LP record. ^bColoured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a stylus travelling through the grooves of a stereo vinyl record. The grooves are cut into a flat disc of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The grooves vary with the intensity of the music: the straighter the groove the quieter the music, the wavier the groove the louder the music. Vibrations are picked up by the stylus and transduced by a moving-coil or moving-magnet cartridge into an electrical signal, which passes through an amplifier to be heard on loudspeakers. Magnification: x72 at 5x7cm size.



A turntable stylus, also known as a needle or cartridge, is an essential component of a vinyl record player. Its primary function is to read the audio information encoded on the walls of the vinyl record grooves and convert it into an electrical signal that can be amplified and played through speakers.

The stylus is attached to the tonearm of the turntable, which holds it in place as it moves across the record surface. The stylus consists of a tiny, diamond-tipped needle that is designed to fit into the groove of the vinyl record.

When the turntable is turned on, the record spins at a constant speed. As the stylus is lowered onto the record surface, it rests on the walls of the grooves. The grooves in the vinyl record are physically etched in a spiral pattern and contain the audio information in the form of minute variations in depth and width. On the left side of the groove and on the right side are channels of audio information that makeup stereo sound.

As the record rotates, the stylus traces the contours of the groove. The diamond tip of the stylus carefully follows the groove walls, and as it does so, it experiences the variations in the groove's shape. These variations correspond to the audio signals that were originally recorded onto the vinyl record during the mastering process.

When the stylus encounters a bump or a dip in the groove, it is mechanically displaced. This displacement creates vibrations in the stylus, which are transmitted to the cartridge attached to it. The cartridge contains a magnet and coils, forming a tiny generator. The mechanical vibrations from the stylus cause the magnet to move within the coils, inducing an electrical signal.

This electrical signal is a representation of the audio information stored on the record. It contains the variations in amplitude and frequency that correspond to the original sound waves captured during the recording. The cartridge then sends this electrical signal through the tonearm and to the phono preamplifier, where it is amplified to line level for further processing and playback through speakers.

In summary, a turntable stylus reads the walls of a vinyl record by physically following the contours of the groove using a diamond-tipped needle. The stylus experiences mechanical displacement due to the variations in the groove's shape, which is then converted into an electrical signal by the cartridge and subsequently amplified for playback.

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Open box offers

We have some special offers on Rega Products that may be of interest to you. These are in limited quantities but the prices are very good. They're all "open box stock" but they're supplied in very good condition - with boxes, all accessories and with 2 year warranties. They'll be available from Tuesday of next week.

List is as follows;

Aria MM/MC Phono stage V2 (curved fascia) £540

Aria MM/MC Phono stage V 3 Current model £749

Brio Integrated amp £389

Elex Mk 4 amplifier/DAC Current model £799

Elicit R Integrated amp £899

Elicit Mk5 Amplifier/DAC current model £1499

Apollo CD player £479

Saturn R CD player £899

Saturn MK3 Current Model £1399.

These are very special prices and quantities are small so if you'd like to secure any of these I'd suggest giving us a call on 0114 2756048 so we can discuss, arrange. Trade in is welcome.

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Musical Fidelity A1 2023 take on classic

Some images of the new re-issue and revision of the Musical Fidelity A1 class A amplifier.

Here's what Stereonet has to say;

Retaining the appearance and charm of the original A1 Integrated Amplifier from the late 1980s, Musical Fidelity is revisiting its past with the 2023 rerelease of this classic amplifier.

Shown at the Munich High End Show last week, the Musical Fidelity A1 builds upon the original circuits with modern improvements and superior components.

You'd be hard-pressed to spot the difference between the old and new unless they were side by side, though the refreshed edition is a touch larger - most certainly to better manage heat dissipation from its pure Class A operation, which offers 25 watts @ 8ohms. It also sports a remote control for 2023.

There's a built-in MM/MC phono stage, with low noise current to voltage converter for further amplification and RIAA equalisation, and automatic input impedance matching (1K nominal) for MC selected along with increased gain.

We'd love to hear the pairing with Musical Fidelity's newly released remake of two more classics: the LS3/5A and LS5/9 loudspeakers, also announced before Munich.

Further improvements on the 2023 release are said to include an updated transformer “for more efficient “dual mono split rail” windings”, along with a high quality and updated ALPS RK series potentiometer as volume control. All transistors, including output devices, have been carefully selected from modern equivalents, with polypropylene (PP) type capacitors used in the signal path.

Musical Fidelity says that particular care and attention were made to not change any component specification from its original, but to update them to modern equivalents with a long lifespan. The circuit layout is also said to follow the original faithfully. Finally, the phono stage and preamplifier layout have been improved for less noise and hum.

We're expecting a price of around £1500




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Cyrus Streamers - 1st listen

Classic Stream and Stream XR

Spent the morning listening to the two new streamers from Cyrus. Both feature the Bluesound front end and control software - an extremely sensible choice for a British manufacturer in our opinion.

The Classic Stream retails for £1995. It has no screen. It can be upgraded should you so wish by adding a PSX-R2 power supply. Sound is very good indeed. Black backgrounds, lots of detail and good tuneful bass. Cyrus have worked on the power supply and the DAC but also worked with Bluesound to make a few improvements to their front end as well. We feel for the price this is a good alternative and is cheaper than it's rivals like the Naim and the Auralic.

The XR Stream is £2495. It can also be upgraded with the XR power supply. DAC is improved and again this is clearly audible. Sometimes these things are hard to define in terms of what they do but here there was a sense of ease and a sense of better control in the bass. There is also the inclusion of a screen with the XR.

Very soon we'll do an open day (late June) when both of these players will be on demo for you to hear and compare them yourselves.

Both are wireless or wired, Airplay 2 and Roon ready. Both have digital outputs and both have USB inputs for stored media.

Bluesound fans will find these a joy as the app is excellent and comfortable.

Both items are expected late summer. We will be stocking both based on what we heard today.






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Our LP12 builds

We've been supplying and setting up Linn LP12 turntables for over thirty years. During this time we've amassed a great deal of stock and parts from each turntable we've upgraded. We also have racks of Linn parts enabling us to maintain our customers turntables. We have spare plinths from plinth swaps, we have good but older bearings and all the internal parts from the upgrades. We also have tonearms from customer upgrades; all in excellent condition and with a lifetimes use ahead of them.

During the pandemic I found myself with some spare time and whilst moving some boxes around the stockroom I discovered packages containing hundreds of Linn parts. I spent a few days building an LP12 out of these and was amazed at the performance it offered and the price I could sell it for. I put it for sale and it sold within three days. So I built another. And another.

Much has been written about the performance of the LP12 and the fact that Linn have continued to invest in upgrades which move the performance of the turntable forward. As we do these upgrades we know that the old parts are still good and designed to last a lifetime. So building new from old is a great idea on many levels.

We can build an LP12 for less than half of the price of a new one. The performance of this will be close to the new one. For the price of a new one we can built something better.

We use almost exclusively Linn parts. There are a small number of additional Non-Linn parts that we use but only during consultation with our customer and always transparently. An example of this is the power supply; the Linn Valhalla can be serviced and returned to new specification and we do this daily. However it is a single speed power supply and some customers want to play their 45's. So we have sourced high quality CE approved "Valhallas" that offer twin speed. Vinyl passion and Valhalla Electronics are two examples. They match the performance but also offer the flexibility of having twin speed.

As a result of our business in LP12's we also do a lot of upgrades and that keeps our stock of older parts good. So we can always bespoke build a deck to suit your own requirements and budget.

All our LP12's come with a warranty. It's the same as a new one.

We do not ship LP12's with arms fitted. Linn don't and neither do we. It's a good way to damage the arm bearings. We can deliver ourselves within a reasonable radius and we welcome you to collect. That way we can be sure that you get the product you want and get to listen to it 1st. The last thing anyone wants is a damaged product offering reduced performance. We CAN ship turntable only (without arm fitted).

If you're looking to service or upgrade your LP12 or to begin your LP12 ownership then talk to us. We'll explain how to do this. You may be surprised at how little this can cost.

Our current LP12 stock can be found here.

Read an article to gain an insight into the LP12.








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Naim Nait 50

Pre-order here

Limited release of the iconic Nait but upgraded to celebrate 50 years of Naim.

Pre-order here.

To celebrate our 50th anniversary (1973 - 2023) and all these years of shared passion for sound, we pay homage to our iconic integrated amplifier: NAIT 1.
Made in England, NAIT 50 is presented in a limited-edition of 1973 pieces.

NAIT 50 is the worthy successor of NAIT 1, Naim’s integrated amplifier released in 1983.

Every part of the NAIT 50 has been redesigned. It is a ‘big box’ audiophile Naim integrated in a small box. Some of the new features on this anniversary edition include the new discrete transistor headphone amplifier found in the New Classic series, so you can enjoy all types of listening. Behind its sleek design, NAIT 50 also delivers top-notch sound quality.

25W of power per channel with peaks of 225W, three analogue inputs, including a discrete transistor MM phono stage: NAIT 50 combines power, performance, and versatility. It reproduces the most exacting dynamics with all the confidence and authority we have come to expect from a Naim amplifier. It can be linked with all loudspeaker types, as well as a streamer, for the ultimate hi-fi system.

Product TypeIntegrated amplifier
Damping factor into 836
Input signal for clippingLine: 88mV
Phono: 710mV
Peak current into 1 (1kHz 1mS)Peak +/- 15 (peak power at 225W)
Audio Inputs1 x RCA pair (47kΩ), in MM phono level 5mV
2 x 5-pin DIN (stereo, 47kΩ), line leve
MM Phono Input47kΩ and 100pF
CrosstalkLine: 85dB, (at 1kHz, 25Watts 8Ω)
Phono: 80dB
THD + N0.015%
Headphone Output1.5Watts 16Ω
Signal-to-Noise RatioRef. 1Watt 8Ω, A-weighted : Line: 80dB, 1V input / Phono: 78dB, 5mV inputRef. 25Watt 8Ω, A-weighted: Line: 93dB, 1V input / Phono: 84dB, 5mV input
Power Outputs25Watts 8Ω @0,1% THD+N
40Watts 4Ω @0,1% THD+N
60Watts 2Ω @1% THD+N
Frequency ResponseLine: -3dB @ 4Hz to 45kHz
Phono: -3dB @ 6Hz to 30kHz
GainPhono: +40dB (@1kHz RIAA)
Pre-amplication (and headphone): +16dB
Power Amplifier: +29dB
Weight9.9lbs (4.5kg)
Dimensions (HxWxD)33/8 x 81/8 x 125/8" (8.7x20.7x32.1cm)
Mains Supply115V or 230V, 50/60Hz
Power ConsumptionTypical use consumption: 20W
Stand-by mode consumption: <0.5W




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Munich Show Highlights

Highlights for us!

Naim have had a busy year and it's about to get busier. Not only did they launch the new 300 series, but they launched their first 50th Anniversary product; The Nait 50.

See the new Classic series here.

This limited edition product is exciting as it is "today's take" on a Naim classic first launched in 1983.
Discover more here.

PMC have also been busy!

Prodigy brings performance-led design ethos to an even wider audience, building on PMC's belief that ultra-high-resolution loudspeakers, if properly designed, can be used throughout the entire audio chain.

Above you can see Prodigy 1, a compact with an RRP of £1250 and Prodigy 5, a classic floorstander at £1995

We're looking forward to getting both of the speakers in stock and on demo and will keep you informed about their performance. In the meantime you can discover more here.

Chord Electronics announce new super Integrated amp

The ULTIMA INTEGRATED is a class-leading 125-watt integrated amplifier benefitting from the latest dual-feed-forward error-correction topology, Chord Electronics’ legendary proprietary ultra-high-frequency power supplies, plus an unmistakable industrial aesthetic.

Designed by Chord Electronics’ founder, owner and chief engineer, John Franks, the advanced ULTIMA circuit monitors and immediately corrects audio signals before the output stage, for astonishing signal accuracy from a one-box integrated device.

The ULTIMA INTEGRATED also takes advantage of the very latest developments in advanced low-distortion power supplies  ̶̶̶̶̶̶̶  devices offering exceptionally low noise and outstanding amplifier operation  ̶̶̶̶̶̶̶  for even greater fidelity.

A four-input design, one fully balanced and three unbalanced, all enjoy individual buffering and are selectively filtered against potential ingress from radio frequency interference; selection switching is via microprocessor-controlled sealed relays.

The ULTIMA INTEGRATED is the first new Chord Electronics integrated amplifier for seven years and remains the sole full-width integrated model in the range.

All metalwork is precision-machined from solid aircraft-grade aluminium, including Chord Electronics’ iconic Integra Legs. The fascia sports a 28-mm-thick front panel with a perfectly symmetrical aesthetic, centered around a spherical power on/off control with polychromatic lighting, flanked by illuminated volume and balance controls.

More details as we have them.

Auralic news!

Auralic announce new G2.2 range and a new higher end G3 series that will feature both a stand alone streamer and a streaming transport. We've no further information at this time.








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